Modulation effects (FX) alter sound by varying certain parameters over time, typically using a low-frequency oscillator (LFO) or another control source. The main types of modulation effects include: chorus, flanger, phaser, tremolo, vibrato, rotary speaker ("Leslie effect"), auto-pan, ring modulation, and multi-modulation fx.
Duplicates the input signal, slightly delays and detunes the copy, then blends it with the original. The delay time is modulated to create a shimmering or widening effect.
Changes the pitch of an audio signal without necessarily altering its duration (time). It can raise or lower the pitch of vocals, instruments, or any other audio content.
Automatically modulates the stereo position (panning) of the signal from left to right using an LFO.
Similar to chorus but with a shorter delay time (typically < 20 ms), creating a comb-filtering effect. The delay is modulated with an LFO.
Modulates the amplitude (volume) of the signal at a regular rate using an LFO.
An audio effect that combines two signals — typically a carrier oscillator and an input audio signal — by multiplying their waveforms together. This process creates a new signal containing the sum and difference of the frequencies of the original two signals, while often removing the original frequencies themselves.
Splits the signal and alters the phase of part of it. The phase-shifted signal is recombined with the original to create notches in the frequency spectrum that are swept using an LFO.
Modulates the pitch of the signal cyclically using an LFO, without affecting amplitude.
Simulates the sound of a rotating speaker cabinet, such as the Leslie speaker. Combines amplitude modulation, Doppler effect, and filtering.
